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Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is usually cau...
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is usually caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. Symptoms of cervical cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and pain during sex. Treatment options for cervical cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Regular Pap smears and HPV vaccinations are important preventive measures for cervical cancer. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis for women with cervical cancer.
Cancer cổ tử cung là một trong những loại ung thư phổ biến ở phụ nữ. Các yếu tố có thể tăng nguy cơ mắc ung thư cổ tử cung bao gồm hút thuốc lá, có nhiều đối tác tình dục, tiêm chích chất cấm và không kiểm soát được bệnh viêm nhiễm nội niêm. Phát hiện sớm có thể nâng cao cơ hội chữa trị đặc biệt là trong giai đoạn sớm. Các phương pháp phòng ngừa bao gồm viêm nội niêm chống HPV, theo dõi sức khỏe thông thường và kiểm tra PAP. Ngoài ra, việc tiêm vẮc xin HPV cho cả nam và nữ cũng có thể giảm nguy cơ mắc bệnh.
Ung thư cổ tử cung thường phát triển từ các tế bào biểu mô của cổ tử cung, phát hiện thông thường qua xét nghiệm lấy mẫu vật chất từ cổ tử cung (PAP smear) hoặc thông qua kiểm tra HPV. Nếu phát hiện sớm, ung thư cổ tử cung thường có triển vọng chữa trị tốt hơn. Các biện pháp điều trị có thể bao gồm phẫu thuật để loại bỏ các tế bào ung thư, điều trị bằng tia X và hóa trị. Nếu bạn có bất kỳ triệu chứng nào liên quan đến ung thư cổ tử cung, bạn nên tìm kiếm sự tư vấn y tế từ bác sĩ chuyên khoa phụ sản càng sớm càng tốt.
A papillomavirus DNA from a cervical carcinoma and its prevalence in cancer biopsy samples from different geographic regions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - Tập 80 Số 12 - Trang 3812-3815 - 1983
DNA from one biopsy sample of invasive cancer of the cervix contained sequences hybridizing with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 DNA only under nonstringent conditions. This DNA was molecularly cloned in lambda phage. Under stringent conditions of hybridization it cross-hybridized to a minor extent (less than 0.1%) with HPV types 10, 14, and 15 and showed no homology with DNA of other human HPV types. We therefore propose to designate it tentatively as HPV 16. HPV 16 DNA was used as a probe to test additional cancer biopsy samples from cervical, vulval, and penile cancer, as well as benign genital warts (condylomata acuminata) and cervical dysplasias for the presence of homologous sequences. In 61.1% (11/18) of cervical cancer samples from German patients sequences were found hybridizing with HPV 16 DNA under conditions of high stringency. In contrast, only 34.8% (8/23) of cancer biopsy samples from Kenya and Brazil revealed this DNA. Vulval and penile cancer biopsy samples hybridized to 28.6% (2/7) or 25% (1/4), respectively. Only 2 out of 33 condylomata acuminata contained HPV 16 DNA. Both positive tumors harbored in addition HPV 6 or HPV 11 DNA. The data thus indicate that HPV 16 DNA prevails in malignant tumors, rendering an accidental contamination with papillomavirus DNA from adjacent papillomas rather unlikely. The rare presence in benign genital papillomas in addition to common genital papillomaviruses suggests a dependence of HPV 16 replication on helper virus.
American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians - Tập 62 Số 3 - Trang 147-172 - 2012
AbstractAn update to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guideline regarding screening for the early detection of cervical precancerous lesions and cancer is presented. The guidelines are based on a systematic evidence review, contributions from 6 working groups, and a recent symposium cosponsored by the ACS, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and the American Society for Clinical Pathology, which was attended by 25 organizations. The new screening recommendations address age‐appropriate screening strategies, including the use of cytology and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, follow‐up (eg, the management of screen positives and screening intervals for screen negatives) of women after screening, the age at which to exit screening, future considerations regarding HPV testing alone as a primary screening approach, and screening strategies for women vaccinated against HPV16 and HPV18 infections. CA Cancer J Clin 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Human papillomavirus type distribution in 30,848 invasive cervical cancers worldwide: Variation by geographical region, histological type and year of publication International Journal of Cancer - Tập 128 Số 4 - Trang 927-935 - 2011
AbstractPooled data on human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) can help to predict the potential impact of HPV type‐specific vaccines and screening tests, and to understand the carcinogenicity of HPV types. We performed a meta‐analysis of HPV type‐specific prevalence data published from 1990 to 2010, including a total of 243 studies and 30,848 ICC. The proportion of ICC associated with HPV16 and/or 18 (HPV16/18) was between 70 and 76% in all world regions except Asia. In Western/Central Asia, 82% of ICC was HPV16/18‐associated compared to only 68% in Eastern Asia. The 12 most common HPV types identified, in order of decreasing prevalence, were HPV16 (57%), 18 (16%), 58, 33, 45, 31, 52, 35, 59, 39, 51 and 56. The prevalence of other types, phylogenetically related to those above, ranged from <0.1% for HPV85 to 0.6% for HPV68. Overall HPV prevalence increased significantly from 85.9% in studies published from 1990 to 1999 to 92.9% in studies published from 2006 to 2010. Prevalence increases were large for multiple infections (from 4.0 to 15.7%) and for HPV16 (from 51.8 to 60.0%, including HPV16 alone or in multiple infections). Smaller but significant increases in prevalence were also seen for HPV39, 53 and 58. A large amount of recently published data has improved the understanding of the contribution of a broad range of HPV types to ICC in different world regions. However, estimating the fraction of ICC attributable to different types is increasingly complicated by the detection of multiple HPV infections in ICC.
